In the 1980s, which collaboration did AANA emphasize?

• A. MD/CRNA competition
• B. MD/CRNA isolation
• C. MD/CRNA oversight by physicians
• D. MD/CRNA cooperation

Answer: (D)

The main idea here is that the AANA pushed for teamwork between physicians and nurse anesthetists. In the 1980s, the emphasis was on a cooperative model where MDs and CRNAs work together to deliver anesthesia, combining medical oversight with the CRNA’s advanced practice to improve patient safety, access to care, and overall efficiency. This collaborative approach reflects a shift away from viewing anesthesia care as a battle or a trap of isolation—toward shared decision-making and mutual responsibilities in various care settings. The other options describe competition, isolation, or physician-only oversight, which do not align with the era’s push for interprofessional cooperation.